UNIT 10
THREE ECONOMIC SECTORS
THE ECONOMY
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The economy is divided into the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
THE PRIMARY SECTOR
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The primary sector takes
raw materials from nature like vegetables and fruit, fish, wood, minerals and
oil.
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The main activities of the primary sector are: agriculture, farming, fishing, forestry and mining.
AGRICULTURE AND
FARMING
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Agriculture is the production of food, fibres and other products
that come from plants and animals.
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We call the plants crops,
and the animals livestock.
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Farmers work on farms.
FISHING
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Fishermen catch fish
and other animal, like shellfish, squid and octopuses.
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Threre are two kinds of industrial fishing: coastal
fishing and deep-sea fishing.
MINING
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Mining is the extraction of minerals and metals from the Earth.
FORESTRY
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Forestry is the practice of planting and taking care of
forest and tree plantations.
THE SECONDARY SECTOR
INDUSTRY
AND CRAFT
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The secondary sector uses
raw materials to produce finished products.
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The secondary sector includes: manufacturing, processing, and
construction.
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The main products are: cars,
clothes, buildings…
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These products can be made in two different ways: by craft workers or by industrial workers.
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The main activities of the secondary sector are: the automobile industry, the textile
industry, the chemical industry and
engineering.
THE
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
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The automobile industry produces motor
vehicles, like cars, buses...
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There are
lots of robots in an automobile factory.
THE TEXTILE
INDUSTRY
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The textile industry manufactures
cloth and fabrics.
THE
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
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The chemical industry converts raw
materials, like water, metals, minerals and crude oil into different products
like petrol, cosmetics and plastic objects.
ENGINEERING
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Engineers design and construct things, like tunnels,
bridges, motorways and buildings.
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They also build machines and engines.
THE TERTIARY SECTOR
SERVICES
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The tertiary sector is also known as the service sector.
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The main activities of the tertiary sector are: education, healthcare, transport, financial
sector and retail.
EDUCATION
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Education transmits culture
and information from generation to generation.
HEALTH CARE
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People who work in health care, like doctors, surgeons
and nurses take
care of our health.
THE
FINANCIAL SECTOR
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The financial sector provides financial services to
customers.
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Banks are part of the financial sector.
TRANSPORT
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Transport is a system of vehicles, like buses, trains, ships…that moves
people, animals and products.
RETAIL
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Retail is selling goods to customers in shops and
in small quantities.
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